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Appearance
Curly-leaf pondweed is a rooted, submersed aquatic plant. Its coloration varies from olive-green to reddish-brown.
Leaves and Stem
Wavy, lasagna-like leaves grow approximately a half-inch wide and two to three inches long. Leaves have an obvious mid-vein, “toothed” or serrated edges and blunt tips. Leaves are arranged alternately,
Appearance
Curly-leaf pondweed is a rooted, submersed aquatic plant. Its coloration varies from olive-green to reddish-brown.
Leaves and Stem
Wavy, lasagna-like leaves grow approximately a half-inch wide and two to three inches long. Leaves have an obvious mid-vein, “toothed” or serrated edges and blunt tips. Leaves are arranged alternately, are directly attached to the stem, and become denser toward the end of the stem. The main stem can be various colors including white, green, brown, and red, and tends to branch multiple times near the top of the plant. The plant may mat at the surface, but does not have true floating leaves.
Flowers
The flower stalk grows up above the water surface, typically in June. It grows to about one inch tall and appears reddish-brown in the water, but is actually green when examined closely.
Reproductive Structures
Reproductive structures are called turions. They are brown, typically a half-inch in size and look like sharp small pinecones. It can also reproduce via seed, but seeds play a small role in reproduction.
Roots
Rhizomes (an underground stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes) are thick and pale yellow in color. Many stems can be connected by one rhizome.
Biology
Curly-leaf pondweed generally grows from the shore to water depths of 15 feet, and can grow up to 15 feet tall. It tolerates low water clarity and will readily invade disturbed areas. Curly-leaf can be distinguished from native pondweeds by its unique life cycle. Turions sprout in the fall, and it is generally the first pondweed to come up in the spring. It typically flowers, fruits, and produces turions in June before dying back in mid-summer.
Origin and Spread
Curly-leaf pondweed is native to Eurasia, Africa, and Australia. It was likely introduced when common carp were intentionally introduced into Midwest waters as a game fish in the 1880s. The species was likely spread through the movement of watercraft and water-related equipment. It was first noted in Minnesota around 1910.
Don't be fooled by these look-alikes
Curly-leaf pondweed looks similar to many native beneficial pondweeds found in Minnesota lakes and rivers, but can be distinguished based on its serrated leaf edges.
Look-alikes:
Regulatory Classification
Curly-leaf Pondweed (Potamogeton crispus) is a prohibited invasive species in Minnesota, which means it is unlawful (a misdemeanor) to possess, import, purchase, transport or introduce this species except under a permit for disposal, control, research or education.
Threat to Minnesota Waters
Invasive species cause recreational, economic and ecological damage—changing how residents and visitors use and enjoy Minnesota waters.
Curly-leaf pondweed impacts:
What you should do
People spread curly-leaf pondweed primarily through the movement of water-related equipment. Plant fragments and turions can get stuck on trailers, motors, docks, boat lifts, swim rafts and inside watercraft (boats, canoes and kayaks). Turions, which may be hidden in mud and debris, can stick to anchors as well as scuba, fishing, and hunting gear.
Whether or not a lake is listed as infested, Minnesota law requires water recreationists to:
Report new occurrences of curly-leaf pondweed to the DNR immediately by contacting your DNR Invasive Species Specialist or log in and submit a report through EDDMapS opens in a new browser tab.
Control Methods
Management of invasive aquatic plants involving either mechanical removal of plants or application of herbicides to public waters requires a permit from the DNR. Talk to a DNR specialist for more information.
Mechanical control can be done by cutting or pulling the plant by hand or with equipment such as rakes or cutting blades.
Herbicide control can be done using an endothall herbicide.
Source: https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/aquaticplants/curlyleaf_pondweed.html
Appearance
Eurasian watermilfoil is a rooted, submerged aquatic plant. The leaves appear green while the stems are white to reddish.
Leaves and Stem
Leaves are feather-like, with four leaves arranged in a whorl (radiating out from a single point) around the stem. Space between whorls along the stem can be a half inch or greater. Each leaf ha
Appearance
Eurasian watermilfoil is a rooted, submerged aquatic plant. The leaves appear green while the stems are white to reddish.
Leaves and Stem
Leaves are feather-like, with four leaves arranged in a whorl (radiating out from a single point) around the stem. Space between whorls along the stem can be a half inch or greater. Each leaf has a central axis with 12 to 21 leaflet pairs. Leaflets are limp when the plant is removed from the water. The stem is typically light brown, but sometimes pink. Tips of the plant are sometimes red or pink in color. Color alone should not be used for identification as it can be highly variable.
Flowers
A small pink flower spike up to four inches long produces tiny yellow flowers. Male and female flowers are found on the same plant.
Seeds
Even though each plant can produce approximately 100 seeds per season, this species is more successful at reproducing via fragments.
Roots
Roots are thin, white, and sometimes form dense clumps underneath the plant.
Biology
Eurasian watermilfoil is a perennial plant that flowers twice a year, usually in mid-June and late-July. It can grow up to 20 feet tall, but typically only grows three to nine feet tall. It creates canopy-like structures as it grows toward the water’s surface. It primarily establishes through vegetative fragmentation—a fragment can break off, settle in the sediment, grow roots, and establish a new plant. The plant dies back in the fall, but the root system can survive the winter and begin growing again in the spring.
Origin and Spread
Eurasian watermilfoil is native to Europe and Asia. It was discovered in the eastern United States in the early 1900s. The species was likely introduced and spread through the movement of watercraft and water-related equipment. In Minnesota, it was first recorded in Lake Minnetonka (Hennepin County) in 1987. Refer to the infested waters list for current distribution.
Don't be fooled by these look-alikes
Eurasian watermilfoil looks similar to many native, beneficial watermilfoils found in Minnesota lakes and rivers. Its common native look-alike is northern watermilfoil. In comparison, northern watermilfoil has only five to nine leaflet pairs, the space between whorls is short, and it produces winter buds (dense club-like clusters of leaves at the end of the stem) at the end of the growing season.
Eurasian and northern watermilfoils often hybridize. Hybrids have similar characteristics and may require genetic screening to distinguish from non-hybrids.
Look-alikes:
Regulatory Classification
Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) and its hybrids are prohibited invasive species in Minnesota, which means it is unlawful (a misdemeanor) to possess, import, purchase, transport or introduce these species except under a permit for disposal, control, research or education.
Threat to Minnesota Waters
Invasive species cause recreational, economic and ecological damage—changing how residents and visitors use and enjoy Minnesota waters.
Eurasian watermilfoil impacts:
What you should do
People spread Eurasian watermilfoil primarily through the movement of water-related equipment. Plant fragments can get tangled on boats, trailers, motors, anchors and other water-related equipment. All it takes is a single plant fragment to start a new population.
Whether or not a lake is listed as infested, Minnesota law requires water recreationists to:
Report new occurrences of Eurasian watermilfoil to the DNR immediately by contacting your DNR Invasive Species Specialist or log in and submit a report through EDDMapS opens in a new browser tab.
Control Methods
Management of invasive aquatic plants involving either mechanical removal of plants or application of herbicides to public waters requires a permit from the DNR. Talk to a DNR specialist for more information.
Mechanical control can be done by cutting or pulling the plant by hand or with equipment such as rakes or cutting blades.
Herbicide control can be done using two systemic herbicides (2,4-D and triclopyr) and two contact herbicides (endothall and diquat). Systemic herbicides are taken up within plants, killing the leaves, stems, and roots. Contact herbicides damage or kill only the parts of plants with which they come into contact.
Biological control involving a native insect (weevil) is currently being researched.
Source: https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/aquaticplants/milfoil/index.html
Water Celery has the largest native plant (weed) presence in Cross Lake.
Common names: Water celery, eelgrass, tapegrass.
Location: Lakes in depths up to 15 feet and streams; prefers semi-hard bottom such as sand covered with a thin layer of muck.
Description: Leaves are ribbon-like, dark-green, and grow below the water surface; rooted in mu
Water Celery has the largest native plant (weed) presence in Cross Lake.
Common names: Water celery, eelgrass, tapegrass.
Location: Lakes in depths up to 15 feet and streams; prefers semi-hard bottom such as sand covered with a thin layer of muck.
Description: Leaves are ribbon-like, dark-green, and grow below the water surface; rooted in mud; in late summer, produces a small, whitish-yellow flower, supported by a coiled stalk; often grows in beds amid pondweeds and other submerged plants.
Hints to identify: Unbranched leaves extending from the lake bottom to the water surface; flowers (and occasionally some leaves) float on the surface; leaves are attached to a horizontal central stem right above lake bottom.
Importance of plant: Provides shade and shelter for bluegills, young perch, and largemouth bass; choice food of waterfowl, particularly diving ducks; attracts muskrats, marsh birds, and shore birds.
Management strategy: See DNR regulations. Because wild celery is an excellent wildlife food, it is usually best left alone. Abundant growth during July and August in shallow water may interfere with recreation. Herbicides don't work well to control this plant. Hand-pulling or raking sometimes works, though floating, uprooted plants often re-establish themselves in shallow water.
Source: https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/aquatic_plants/submerged_plants/wild_celery.html